The idea of the bilateral conference `Aesthetics and Cultures. The 1st Polish-Japanese Meeting: Exchanging Experi-ences` was initiated by the Polish Society of Aesthetics and firmly supported by the Japanese Society for Aesthetics. It was for the first time that the PSA organized a mutual con-ference concerning intercultural studies in aesthetics. A question arises why it is that the remote Japan become the first partner on the path of developing a tradition of bilateral conferences between two countries representing two different cultures. This book tries, at least to a certain extent, to answer the question. Although aesthetics is one discipline among others, this `small window` opens the broad perspective on art, theory of art as well as on all cultural phenomena, espe-cially those that are today in the process of intensive aesthetization.